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Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Cognitive systems engineering
  • Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)

Background:

  • Understanding human adaptations is crucial for designing complex systems like Advanced Air Mobility (AAM).
  • Simulated drone operations provide a platform to study human performance variability.
  • The Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method is used to analyze team interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine human performance variability in simulated drone operations.
  • To compare Work-As-Instructed (WAIn) and Work-As-Trained (WAT) models.
  • To identify discrepancies between Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and actual trainee behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method.
  • Constructed WAIn EAST networks based on SOPs.
  • Developed WAT networks from communication logs and audio recordings of simulated drone training, focusing on bird strike events.

Main Results:

  • Identified adaptive behavioral tendencies in trainee teams.
  • Revealed discrepancies in task-knowledge-agent couplings between WAIn and WAT models.
  • Visualized these discrepancies using a novel joint cognitive network variability matrix.

Conclusions:

  • Capturing trainee behaviors, including task, knowledge, and social interactions, is valuable for understanding performance in emerging technologies.
  • The EAST method effectively highlights deviations from SOPs in simulated AAM environments.
  • Findings inform the design and training for human-AI teaming in AAM.