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Minghao Cheng1, Anoushiravan Zahedi2,3, Ricarda I Schubotz2,3

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human interactions often involve leader and follower roles, unfolding naturally.
  • Gaze-hand coordination is well-studied, but less is known in interactive contexts requiring mutual action consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine predictive, planning-related gaze-hand behaviors in a naturalistic two-player game.
  • To understand how leaders and followers coordinate actions and gaze in a cooperative task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a "do-undo" tabletop game with alternating leader and follower roles.
  • Recorded eye and hand movements, object trajectories, and touch sensor data.
  • Combined eye tracking with multi-camera motion capture for precise temporal analysis.

Main Results:

  • Eye fixations consistently preceded object manipulation across both roles.
  • Leaders exhibited more frequent and earlier gaze at target objects compared to followers.
  • Leaders' gaze anticipated their own actions and the follower's actions, indicating advanced planning.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct decision-making and planning strategies were observed between leaders and followers.
  • Leader-centric interactions, where leaders consider partner actions, highlight complex cognitive processes in collaboration.
  • Findings offer insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying everyday human interactions and joint action.