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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
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A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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Rotating dual-layered checkerboard illusion.

Kentaro Usui1, Masaya Ishikawa2, Shuichiro Taya3

  • 1Graduate School of Human Science, Ritsumeikan University, Japan.

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|January 22, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel visual illusion shows a rotating checkerboard appearing to morph into a circle. This phenomenon, a breathing illusion (BI) subtype, offers new insights into BI mechanisms.

Keywords:
completioncontours/surfacesillusionlightness/brightnessperceptual organizationsegmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The breathing illusion (BI) describes visual phenomena where static images appear to expand and contract.
  • Existing BI displays have limitations in fully explaining underlying perceptual mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a novel visual illusion with potential implications for understanding the breathing illusion.
  • To investigate unique features of this illusion that may extend current knowledge of BI mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Presentation of a novel visual stimulus: a 2x2 two-colored checkerboard square rotating against an identical background.
  • Phenomenological observation and categorization of the illusion's characteristics.
  • Comparison with existing breathing illusion displays and theoretical frameworks.

Main Results:

  • The rotating checkerboard stimulus was observed to perceptually morph into a circle, accompanied by a perceived size change.
  • The illusion shares phenomenological similarities with known breathing illusions, suggesting it as a subtype.
  • The illusion presents unique characteristics not fully explained by current BI models.

Conclusions:

  • A novel visual illusion, potentially a subtype of the breathing illusion, has been identified.
  • This illusion provides a new avenue for exploring the complex mechanisms underlying the breathing illusion.
  • Further research into this phenomenon could refine our understanding of visual perception and illusory effects.