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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
Published on: July 7, 2023
Microneedle-integrated wearable devices for healthcare monitoring
Tianli Hu1, Eira Beryle Ko1, Yu Song1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. chenjie.xu@cityu.edu.hk.
Abstract:
Wearable technologies have emerged as powerful tools for non-invasive healthcare monitoring, enabling continuous detection of biomarkers to support personalized medicine and disease management. However, most biological biomarkers stay inside tissue and cannot be accessed on the skin surface through simple contact. Microneedle (MN) technology provides a solution for the wearable technologies to sample biofluid, detect biomarkers, and monitor electrophysiological signals. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest development in this field, highlighting MN design principles, functional integration with microfluidics, microelectronics, and artificial intelligence as well as the practical applications. We conclude by discussing the challenges in technical development, clinical validation, industrialization and regulatory compliance, as well as future prospects for MN-integrated wearable devices.
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