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Circulating Neutrophil and Monocyte Counts Are Inversely Associated With Heart Rate Variability Indices: The

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Higher neutrophil and monocyte counts are linked to reduced heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. These findings suggest innate immune cells play a role in heart health, regardless of sex or glucose status.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) indicates cardiac autonomic nervous system function.
  • Immune cells, particularly leukocytes, are implicated in reduced HRV.
  • The specific role of leukocytes and their association across sex and glucose metabolism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-sectional association between leukocyte counts and HRV indices.
  • To examine if sex or glucose metabolism status modifies the relationship between leukocytes and HRV.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1888 participants in the Maastricht Study.
  • Measured leukocyte subsets (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, etc.) via automated hematology and flow cytometry.
  • Assessed HRV using 24-hour ECG, calculating time-domain and frequency-domain scores.

Main Results:

  • Increased neutrophil and monocyte counts were significantly associated with lower time-domain and frequency-domain HRV scores.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for multiple covariates.
  • No significant effect modification was observed for sex or glucose metabolism status.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated neutrophil and monocyte levels correlate with diminished HRV in the general population.
  • These findings highlight the potential involvement of innate immune processes and inflammation in cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
  • The observed association is independent of sex and glucose metabolism status.