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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by the Guanidine Derivative.

Jintao Wang1,2, Jiaqi Shang2, Buyue Zhang3

  • 1School of Information Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Creatine enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance by reducing defects and ion migration. This novel additive strategy improves efficiency to 25.51% and boosts long-term stability for commercial viability.

Keywords:
creatineinteractionperovskite solar cellssolubilitystability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) face commercialization challenges due to intrinsic defects and instability, leading to ion migration and efficiency loss.
  • Current additive strategies are limited by the poor solubility of promising compounds, hindering their application in PSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce creatine, a guanidine derivative, as a novel additive to improve PSC performance by mitigating defects and ion migration.
  • To investigate the solubility enhancement and interaction mechanisms of creatine within the perovskite precursor.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements to study the interaction between creatine and PbI2.
  • Incorporation of creatine into the perovskite precursor solution.
  • Fabrication and characterization of PSC devices.
  • Stability testing under ambient conditions.

Main Results:

  • Creatine exhibits strong interactions with PbI2, increasing its solubility in DMSO through chelation and hydrogen bonding.
  • Creatine addition effectively passivates defects and hinders ion migration during device operation.
  • PSCs with creatine achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.51%.
  • Enhanced device stability, retaining over 93.2% of initial efficiency after 1000 hours of ambient exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Creatine is a promising additive for enhancing PSC performance and stability, overcoming solubility limitations.
  • The synergistic effects of creatine in tailoring crystallization and obstructing ion migration offer a new pathway for developing highly efficient and durable PSCs.