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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
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Structural mimics of SARS-CoV-2.

Natasha Killassy1, Patrick Arbuthnot1, Mohube Betty Maepa2

  • 1Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.

Infection
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) biology is key to developing better COVID-19 vaccines and therapies. This review covers SARS-CoV-2 particle mimics for advancing research and treatment options.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusesLentivirusesMurine leukaemia virusSARS-CoV-2Spike-pseudotyped virusesVesicular stomatitis virusViral-like particles

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, necessitating rapid vaccine and therapeutic development.
  • Current vaccines and repurposed drugs show limitations, including waning immunity, poor efficacy against variants, and reduced effectiveness in severe disease.
  • Physiologically relevant models are crucial for continued research into SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available SARS-CoV-2 particle mimics.
  • To highlight the contribution of these mimics to COVID-19 research.
  • To discuss their role in developing novel vaccines and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies utilizing SARS-CoV-2 particle mimics.
  • Analysis of the impact of these mimics on vaccine and therapeutic development.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 models.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 particle mimics offer valuable tools for studying viral entry, immune responses, and drug efficacy.
  • These models have aided in the evaluation of existing treatments and the design of new interventions.
  • The review identifies various types of mimics and their specific applications in COVID-19 research.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 particle mimics are essential for advancing our understanding of the virus and for developing more effective vaccines and treatments.
  • Continued research using these models is vital to address challenges posed by emerging variants and severe disease.
  • The development of improved SARS-CoV-2 models will accelerate the fight against the ongoing pandemic.