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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Published on: February 9, 2011

Comparative insights into molecular characterization and resistance profiling of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

Muhammad Ijaz¹, Maria Batool², Muhammad Umar Javed²

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. mijaz@uvas.edu.pk.

Veterinary Research Communications

|January 22, 2026

Abstract:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a monolithic issue, particularly the global emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study investigated the prevalence of MRSA, its association with resistant genes and virulence factors. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis, antibiogram, and In-silico analysis were performed. For this, 1,132 subclinical mastitis-positive milk samples from livestock (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, camel) were collected using convenient sampling. Out of the total, 558 (49.29%) and 441 (38.96%) isolates were found to be positive for S. aureus based on phenotypic and genotypic information, respectively. Moreover, the highest MRSA prevalence was found in cattle 56 (53.33%), while the lowest was in buffalo 21 (18.75%), using the PCR tool. Also, the prevalence of enterotoxin and biofilm-producing icaA and icaD genes was evaluated. Antibiogram of MRSA isolates revealed that dairy animals exhibited high resistance to penicillin G, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, but remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. MRSA of sheep origin showed distinct resistance patterns, showing more sensitivity towards gentamicin and amoxicillin. Also, out of 159 MRSA isolates, 111 were declared as MDR S. aureus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pakistan MRSA isolates were closely related to each other, with goat and buffalo MRSA isolates showing a close evolutionary relationship. In-silico analysis showed that all dairy animals in Pakistan shared conserved nucleotide and amino acid motifs. This study concludes that MRSA represents a serious threat to livestock health due to its multidrug-resistant properties, and antibiogram profiling can provide a valuable tool for guiding effective therapeutic interventions against MRSA infections.

Insights

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant threat in livestock, showing high multidrug resistance. Antibiogram profiling is crucial for effective treatment strategies against MRSA infections in dairy animals.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Microbiology
Molecular Epidemiology
Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses a global health challenge.
Livestock, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, are potential reservoirs for MRSA, impacting animal and potentially human health.
Understanding MRSA prevalence, genetic makeup, and resistance patterns in dairy animals is critical for effective control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of MRSA in subclinical mastitis-positive milk samples from various livestock species in Pakistan.
To identify associated resistant genes and virulence factors, and perform phylogenetic and in-silico analyses.
To determine the antibiogram profiles of MRSA isolates to guide therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

Collected 1,132 milk samples from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, and camel with subclinical mastitis.
Utilized phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR) for S. aureus and MRSA identification.
Performed antibiogram analysis, evaluated enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes (icaA, icaD), and conducted phylogenetic and in-silico analyses.

Main Results:

Identified S. aureus in 49.29% and MRSA in 38.96% of isolates; highest MRSA prevalence was in cattle (53.33%) and lowest in buffalo (18.75%).
Detected enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes; MRSA isolates showed high resistance to penicillin G, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, but susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.
111 out of 159 MRSA isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR S. aureus); phylogenetic analysis indicated close relationships among Pakistan MRSA isolates.

Conclusions:

MRSA is a significant threat to livestock health in Pakistan due to its multidrug-resistant nature.
Antibiogram profiling of MRSA isolates is essential for developing targeted and effective treatment strategies.
Further research into conserved motifs and evolutionary relationships can aid in understanding MRSA transmission and control.

Read full analysis

Keywords:

In-silico Antimicrobial resistance Comparative study MRSA Phylogenetic analysis

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