Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...

pH Scale

pH Scale

Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

Scaling

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modified bilateral labial/buccal rotational flap with surgical nasal orifice creation following rostral maxillectomy in a dog with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma.

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne·2026

Same author

An Extensive Reading Intervention for Emergent Bilingual Students With Significant Reading Difficulties in Middle School.

Remedial and special education : RASE·2026

Same author

Diagnosing dyslexia in adults: what is going wrong and how can we fix it?

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same author

Specific Learning Difficulties: Disparities in Identification.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026

Same author

A Pilot Study Examining Elements to Improve Generalized Word Reading Skills for Students With Significant Word Reading Difficulties.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026

Same author

Optimizing Measurement of Communication in Autistic Children and Their Caregivers: Dependability of the Caregiver-Child Interaction.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

The Reading Anxiety Scale for children: Development and psychometric properties.

Amie E Grills¹, Sharon R Vaughn², Greg Roberts²

¹Department of Counseling Psychology and Applied Human Development, Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University.

School Psychology (Washington, D.C.)

|January 22, 2026

Summary

A new Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS) effectively screens for reading anxiety in elementary students. This brief, self-report tool aids in identifying students needing support in reading interventions.

More Related Videos

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Published on: May 17, 2011

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research

Published on: July 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Published on: May 17, 2011

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research

Published on: July 31, 2017

Area of Science:

Educational Psychology
Child Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

Anxiety is linked to reading achievement in elementary students, including those in reading interventions.
Existing anxiety measures lack specificity for reading anxiety.
A brief, self-report screening tool for reading anxiety is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS), a brief self-report measure.
To assess the psychometric properties of the RAS for elementary students.
To provide a tool for identifying reading-specific anxiety in school settings.

Main Methods:

Development and validation of the six-item Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS).
Administration to third and fourth graders (N=306 at T1, N=219 at T2) within a randomized control trial.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability, and validity assessments.

Main Results:

The six-item RAS demonstrated good fit in factor analyses.
The scale showed accuracy in detecting higher levels of reading anxiety.
Adequate internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity were found.

Conclusions:

Preliminary support exists for the RAS as a valid screener for reading anxiety symptoms.
The RAS can be a useful tool in school-based research and intervention for reading difficulties.
Further utility in identifying students with reading-related anxiety is suggested.