Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Published on: March 17, 2022
Associations between cardiometabolic index and heart failure prevalence in hypertensive population: evidence from the
Wenjia Shen1, Yongkang Fu1, Haolin Lv2
1Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment. School of Nursing and Health. Henan University.
Insights
Elevated Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is linked to increased heart failure (HF) risk in hypertensive adults. Higher CMI levels significantly correlate with a greater likelihood of developing HF.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Metabolic Health
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF).
- Novel biomarkers are needed to assess cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
- The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) combines obesity and lipid profiles, potentially indicating cardiometabolic risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) and the prevalence of heart failure (HF).
- To examine this relationship specifically within a population of hypertensive individuals.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data (2009-2018) from hypertensive adults.
- CMI calculated using waist circumference, height, triglycerides (TG), and HDL-C.
- Weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed.
Main Results:
- A positive association was found between CMI and HF prevalence.
- Each one-unit increase in CMI correlated with a 14% higher likelihood of HF.
- Individuals in the highest CMI tertile had a 49% increased HF risk compared to the lowest tertile.
- An inverted U-shaped correlation was observed, with a breakpoint at CMI = 6.00.
Conclusions:
- Elevated CMI levels are positively associated with a higher prevalence of heart failure in hypertensive adults.
- CMI may serve as a valuable indicator for assessing HF risk in this population.
Introduction:
Objectives: this cross-sectional study investigated the association between the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) and heart failure (HF) prevalence in hypertensive individuals. Methods: this cross-sectional study analyzed dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2018, focusing on hypertensive adults with complete information on CMI and HF prevalence, employed CMI based on the following formula: [waist circumference (cm)/height (cm)] × [TG (mmol/L)/HDL-C (mmol/L)]. The relationships between CMI and HF prevalence were assessed using weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis. Additionally, the threshold effect was determined by applying a two-piece linear regression model. Results: a total of 3,706 subjects with hypertension were enrolled, with heart failure being reported in 6.77 % of cases. A positive relationship was observed between CMI and HF prevalence. In the fully adjusted model, a one-unit rise in CMI corresponded to a 14 % increased likelihood of HF (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.03-1.26). Subjects in the top CMI tertile were 49 % more likely to progress to HF than those in the bottom tertile (OR = 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.01-2.21). We did not detect statistically significant interactions across subgroups. An inverted U-shaped correlation was identified between CMI and HF prevalence. The breakpoint was identified at 6.00. On the left of the breakpoint, a positive relationship between CMI and HF prevalence (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.35-1.79) was observed. Conclusions: these findings suggest a positive association between elevated CMI levels and a higher prevalence of HF in hypertensive adults.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
01:22Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics