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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

1.9K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

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A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by creating...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Disorder-induced stress-flow misalignment in soft glassy materials revealed using multidirectional shear.

Frédéric Blanc1, Guillaume Ovarlez2, Adam Trigui3

  • 1Institut de Physique de Nice, UMR7010, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 17 rue Julien Lauprêtre, Nice 06200, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Understanding the mechanical response of soft glassy materials under complex flows is crucial. This study reveals a transient orthogonal shear response and anisotropic yield surface, linked to internal stress distributions from deformation history.

Keywords:
mesoscopic modelrheologysoft matterstrain hardeningyielding

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology of soft matter
  • Materials science
  • Complex fluids

Background:

  • Soft glassy materials like emulsions and foams are vital in industry.
  • Their steady-state flow is understood, but response to complex flow histories (e.g., pumping, mixing) is not.
  • Controlling their mechanical response is key for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how shear history influences the mechanical behavior of soft glassy materials.
  • To uncover the underlying mechanisms of their response to complex deformations.
  • To develop a framework for predicting and controlling their mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-built multiaxis shear apparatus for arbitrary flow direction changes.
  • Studied a model soft glassy system under controlled shear histories.
  • Employed a mesoscopic elastoplastic model to rationalize experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a transient shear response orthogonal to the applied shear direction.
  • Observed an anisotropic yield surface, indicating direction-dependent material strength.
  • Demonstrated that local mechanical disorder dictates macroscopic stress-flow misalignment.

Conclusions:

  • Shear history imprints an anisotropic distribution of internal stresses in soft glassy materials.
  • Local mechanical disorder is a key factor in the emergence of macroscopic stress-flow misalignment.
  • Findings provide a method to experimentally probe local yield stress distributions in these materials.