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A negative feedback loop between TERMINAL FLOWER1 and LEAFY protects inflorescence indeterminacy.

Tian Huang1, Charles Hodgens2, Sandhan Prakash1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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Flowering plant development involves a feedback loop between LEAFY (LFY) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) transcription factors. This mechanism robustly buffers environmental signals, ensuring consistent inflorescence architecture.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plant inflorescence architecture is shaped by genetic programs and environmental factors.
  • The shoot apical meristem stem cell pool is typically unresponsive to environmental cues.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling meristem indeterminacy is crucial for plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying environmental buffering in plant inflorescence development.
  • To investigate the roles of LEAFY (LFY) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) in regulating meristem behavior.
  • To reveal how plants maintain robust developmental pathways despite environmental fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of gene regulatory networks.
  • Experimental analysis in the model plant *Arabidopsis thaliana*.
  • Quantitative gene expression analysis and genetic manipulation.

Main Results:

  • A negative feedback loop between LFY and TFL1 was identified.
  • LFY directly up-regulates TFL1 expression during the reproductive transition.
  • TFL1 negatively regulates LFY, preventing overaccumulation and blocking inflorescence termination.
  • This loop provides robust buffering against environmental signals.

Conclusions:

  • The LFY-TFL1 feedback loop is a key mechanism for environmental buffering in plant development.
  • Differential responses of cell populations to environmental stimuli contribute to developmental robustness.
  • This study reveals a novel pathway for maintaining stem cell activity and inflorescence indeterminacy.