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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Reproducible Cartilage Impact Model to Generate Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in the Rabbit

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Published on: November 21, 2023

Who is using AI to code? Global diffusion and impact of generative AI.

Simone Daniotti^1,2, Johannes Wachs^1,3,4, Xiangnan Feng¹

¹Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Generative AI tools boost experienced developers' productivity, but early-career coders see no gains. Uneven AI adoption may widen skill gaps in software development.

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Generative coding tools offer potential productivity increases.
Uneven adoption of these tools may exacerbate skill and income disparities.
Understanding AI's impact on software development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the adoption rate of AI-generated code across software developers.
To quantify the productivity impact of AI coding tools on different experience levels.
To investigate the potential for AI to widen skill gaps in the tech industry.

Main Methods:

Trained a neural classifier to identify AI-generated Python functions.
Analyzed over 30 million GitHub commits from 160,097 developers.
Tracked the adoption speed and geographical distribution of AI coding tools.
Estimated the impact on quarterly output and developer productivity.

Main Results:

AI currently generates an estimated 29% of Python functions in the US, with a decreasing lead globally.
Quarterly output, measured in online code contributions, increased by an estimated 3.6%.
Experienced, senior-level developers showed significant productivity gains and domain expansion.
Early-career developers exhibited no substantial benefits from AI adoption.

Conclusions:

AI coding tools disproportionately benefit senior developers, potentially widening the skill gap.
The rapid adoption of AI in coding necessitates strategies to ensure equitable skill development.
Future career trajectories in software development may be reshaped by AI integration.