Updated insights into designing bioactive compounds-loaded protein-based nanoparticles using pH-driven method:...

Consumer demand for bioactive compounds (BACs) with potential health benefits in functional foods is growing. However, their application must overcome poor bioavailability owing to low solubility and instability under harsh conditions. Therefore, pH-driven method (PDM) has emerged as a green and facile platform for preparing protein-based nanoparticle (NP) carriers by leveraging pH-responsiveness of proteins and BACs. Obtained products exhibit superior performance in colloidal properties, stabilization, and release. A systematic literature review revealed that, driven by recent technological innovations, this field has achieved multi-layered leaps since its invention. Encapsulation modalities gradually transformed from singularity to diversity. Then, fabrication details were optimized in acidification pathways, process customization, and auxiliary means. Finally, pseudo-dynamic characterization across pH gradients tracked self-assembly process for elucidating mechanisms. Besides, this review highlighted the positive role of above aspects in improving scalability, enhancing industrial feasibility, and developing future foods. Notably, remaining deficiencies and future trends were also pointed out.