Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

3.6K
3.6K
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.2K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.2K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

25.1K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
25.1K
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

3.6K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
3.6K
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

20.4K
The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
20.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete genome sequence of <i>Aquabacterium</i> sp. strain TM01, a membrane-adherent bacterium isolated from a membrane bioreactor treating municipal sewage.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026
Same author

Enhanced nitrogen removal in recirculating aquaculture systems using a downflow hanging sponge reactor and Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) as a biodegradable electron donor for nitrate removal.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Legionella Survives and Elongates in Algal Consortia Containing Bacteria in Alkaline Oligotrophic Conditions.

Microbes and environments·2025
Same author

A biofilm reactor packed with aspen wood and polyurethane sponge for biological manganese(II) oxidation and minor metal recovery.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2025
Same author

<i>Puribacter membranae</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a biofilm of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating sewage.

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology·2025
Same author

New concept for an aerobic sludge digestion process without aeration using sponge carriers.

Environmental technology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor
08:45

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor

Published on: September 26, 2017

9.2K

Siphon downflow hanging sponge reactor with influent bypass system for improved simultaneous

Shehani Sharadha Maheepala1, Masashi Hatamoto2, Takahiro Watari2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan.

Bioresource Technology
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study improved wastewater treatment by modifying the siphon downflow hanging sponge (siphon DHS) reactor. The enhanced design boosts nitrification and total nitrogen removal, offering a cost-effective solution.

Keywords:
Anaerobic conditionsDenitrifiersEconomic analysisOxygen gradientsTotal nitrogen removal

More Related Videos

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

8.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Coronary Artery Revascularization
05:25

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Coronary Artery Revascularization

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor
08:45

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor

Published on: September 26, 2017

9.2K
Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

8.6K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Coronary Artery Revascularization
05:25

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Coronary Artery Revascularization

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • The conventional siphon downflow hanging sponge (siphon DHS) reactor has limitations in nitrification efficiency due to insufficient aerobic volume.
  • Enhanced denitrification requires specific conditions often not met by standard DHS designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve nitrification and denitrification rates in the siphon DHS reactor.
  • To enhance simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) through reactor modification and an influent bypass system.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and microbial community shifts in the optimized reactor.

Main Methods:

  • Modified the siphon DHS reactor volume ratios to 50:25:25 (aerobic:anoxic:anaerobic).
  • Integrated a 20% influent bypass system to the anoxic zone.
  • Conducted microbial analysis to assess changes in bacterial populations, particularly denitrifiers.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 76% nitrification and 20% total nitrogen (TN) removal, a threefold improvement over conventional DHS.
  • Maintained 86% soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal.
  • Observed increased denitrifier abundance (Comamonadaceae: 14%) and reduced nitrite accumulation.
  • Demonstrated a 44% cost reduction for nitrogen removal.

Conclusions:

  • The modified siphon DHS reactor with an influent bypass system significantly enhances nitrogen removal efficiency.
  • The improved design offers a sustainable and cost-effective decentralized wastewater treatment solution.
  • Microbial community shifts support the enhanced performance of the integrated system.