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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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An extraverted behavior intervention improves immune gene expression.

Ramona L Martinez1, Sonja Lyubomirsky1, Steve W Cole2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, United States.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Promoting extraverted behavior may improve immune function by reducing the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) gene expression. This effect, linked to reduced loneliness, was not sustained long-term.

Keywords:
Health psychologyInterventionLonelinessPersonalityPositive psychologyPsychoneuroimmunologySocial connectionWell-being

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Behavioral intervention studies
  • Gene expression analysis

Background:

  • Social connection is vital for psychological well-being and immune function.
  • The Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) is a gene expression program linked to inflammation and reduced antiviral responses.
  • CTRA is associated with social isolation, loneliness, and ostracism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a behavioral intervention promoting extraverted behavior can reduce CTRA gene expression.
  • To examine the role of psychological outcomes, such as loneliness, in mediating the intervention's effects on CTRA.

Main Methods:

  • An 8-week randomized controlled trial with 119 university students.
  • Participants were assigned to either an Extraversion condition (acting more extraverted) or a Control condition (tracking daily activities).
  • Gene expression (CTRA) and psychological outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Genome-wide analyses revealed greater reductions in CTRA-characteristic gene regulation in the Extraversion group compared to controls.
  • These reductions were partially mediated by decreased self-reported loneliness.
  • The intervention's effect on CTRA gene regulation was not sustained at the 1-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging in extraverted behavior may enhance social connection and improve immune regulation.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings and develop strategies for more durable effects.