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Gravity significantly impacts granular material intrusion. In microgravity (0g), resistive forces increase sharply with speed, unlike in normal gravity (1g), due to pressure-sensitive friction.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding granular material behavior under varying gravity is vital for planetary exploration and submarine earthquake engineering.
  • Investigating gravity's effect on drag forces during object intrusion into granular media is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify the influence of gravity on resistive drag forces experienced by an intruding cylinder in granular materials.
  • To compare granular intrusion dynamics in normal gravity (1g) and microgravity (0g).

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted in 1g and microgravity (0g) using the Beijing Drop Tower.
  • Resistive forces on a cylinder moving at constant speed through a granular bed were measured.
  • Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) simulations were employed to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Resistive forces increased significantly with cylinder speed in microgravity (0g).
  • In normal gravity (1g), resistive forces increased much more slowly with cylinder speed.
  • The observed differences were attributed to pressure-sensitive frictional forces becoming dominant in microgravity.

Conclusions:

  • Gravity plays a significant role in the rheological behavior of granular materials during intrusion.
  • Constitutive models for granular flow in microgravity must differ substantially from those used for 1g conditions.
  • Findings have implications for extraterrestrial exploration and submarine geological hazard assessment.