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Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Advances in Microbial Diagnostics: Machine Learning and Nanotechnology for Zoonotic Disease Control.

Narges Lotfalizadeh1, Cinzia Santucciu2, Valentina Chisu2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology offer powerful tools for combating zoonotic diseases. These technologies enhance pathogen detection, disease surveillance, and the development of targeted antimicrobial therapies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular microbiology
  • * Nanotechnology
  • * Artificial intelligence (AI)

Background:

  • * Zoonotic diseases represent a significant global health challenge due to complex transmission dynamics and pathogen persistence.
  • * Rapid identification and control of zoonotic pathogens are hindered by these complexities.
  • * Advances in molecular microbiology, nanotechnology, and AI are crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explore the integration of AI and nanotechnology for enhanced zoonotic disease control.
  • * To discuss the role of machine learning in predicting outbreaks and classifying pathogens.
  • * To highlight the potential of nanotechnology-based biosensors for rapid molecular detection.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of genomic, proteomic, and epidemiological data using machine learning (ML) methods.
  • * Development and application of nanotechnology-based biosensors for molecular detection.
  • * Integration of AI-driven computational models with nanoscale biosensors.

Main Results:

  • * Machine learning enables high-precision prediction of outbreaks and pathogen classification.
  • * Nanotechnology-based biosensors facilitate rapid, resource-limited molecular diagnostics.
  • * Combined AI and nanotechnology approaches promise advanced diagnostic platforms and surveillance tools.

Conclusions:

  • * AI and nanotechnology integration can significantly advance microbial diagnostics and zoonotic disease surveillance.
  • * This synergy can lead to more effective real-time monitoring and targeted antimicrobial development.
  • * Standardization of data, biosafety, and regulatory frameworks are essential for realizing the full potential of these technologies.