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Dry Eye Disease After Ocular or Systemic Infection: A Systematic Review.

Sowmya V Kothandan1, Sayan Basu, Swati Singh

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Infections like HIV, hepatitis C, and COVID-19 can cause dry eye disease (DED). While often mild, understanding infection

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DEDDry eye diseaseInfectionKeratitisMeibomian glandMicrobial

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Infectious Diseases
  • Investigates the intersection of ocular surface disease and systemic/local infections.

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) can be a secondary condition following various infections.
  • Understanding the characteristics and outcomes of infection-related DED is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize dry eye disease (DED) that develops secondary to ocular or systemic infections.
  • To analyze the severity, causative agents, and treatment outcomes of infection-induced DED.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.
  • Analysis of 28 studies focusing on DED development post-infection (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis C, COVID-19, herpes keratitis).
  • Evaluation of DED symptom severity, signs, infection types, and management outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Commonly implicated infections include HIV, Hepatitis C, COVID-19, herpes keratitis, and others.
  • DED symptoms were typically mild; tear film parameters often did not meet DEWS II criteria.
  • Some severe infections like advanced hepatitis and specific viral infections (EBV, HIV) showed notable tear film abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial and viral infections can lead to dry eye disease (DED) as a sequela.
  • DED associated with infections is generally mild symptomatically, with variable tear film impact.
  • Inconsistent reporting hinders a full understanding of infection's role in causing DED.