Interfacial Modification of Nanochannels for Enhanced Detection Accuracy in Complex Matrices

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Solid-state nanochannels (SSNs) offer potential for single-molecule sensing in diverse fields.
• Challenges in complex matrices include nonspecific adsorption, ion competition, and background noise.
• Interfacial modification presents effective solutions to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review interfacial engineering methods for solid-state nanochannels.
• To focus on strategies for stability enhancement, specific recognition, and signal amplification.
• To outline future perspectives for high-precision detection in complex matrices.

Main Methods:

• Review of interfacial modification strategies for SSNs.
• Categorization of methods into stability enhancement, specific recognition, and signal amplification.
• Highlighting techniques like antifouling coatings, biomimetic engineering, and nanotag-assisted amplification.

Main Results:

• Interfacial modification significantly improves SSN performance in complex environments.
• Stability enhancement methods include antifouling coatings and covalent crosslinking.
• Specific recognition is achieved through structure-adaptive modification and biomimetic engineering.
• Signal amplification techniques involve in situ amplification and catalysis-mediated methods.

Conclusions:

• Interfacial modification is crucial for advancing SSN-based detection.
• Integration with multidisciplinary approaches will drive high-precision sensing.
• Future directions involve AI-driven signal processing and advanced nanomaterials.