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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Application-Driven Daytime Radiative Cooling: From Optical Properties to Functional Customization.

Yan Dong1, Zeyu Yang1, Ziming Cheng2

  • 1Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers promising solutions for energy efficiency. This review details PDRC materials, applications, and challenges for widespread adoption.

Keywords:
functional manufacturingradiative coolingradiative transferreal-world applicationsolar energy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an emerging technology for cooling without energy input.
  • PDRC shows potential in building energy efficiency, renewable energy systems, and thermal management.
  • Current research lacks a comprehensive link between PDRC material design and real-world application demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in PDRC technology.
  • To systematically review PDRC materials and their performance requirements for diverse applications.
  • To analyze limitations and propose development strategies for PDRC.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of fundamental PDRC principles.
  • Systematic review of various PDRC materials.
  • Examination of application-specific requirements (aesthetics, durability, cost, multifunctionality).
  • Analysis of PDRC applications in buildings, agriculture, and energy generation.

Main Results:

  • PDRC materials must meet specific thermal-optical and manufacturability criteria for different applications.
  • Key requirements include aesthetic integration, environmental durability, economic viability, and multifunctional capabilities.
  • PDRC has demonstrated potential in building energy conservation, thermal management, agriculture, food preservation, and energy generation.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in PDRC technology, moving from lab studies to practical developments.
  • Addressing material design, specific application needs, and current limitations is crucial for large-scale PDRC adoption.
  • This review offers valuable insights for future PDRC research and development.