Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Efficacy, IHS Guideline Adherence, and Methodological Quality of Noninvasive Neuromodulation Clinical Trials in Migraine and Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review.

European journal of neurology·2026

Same author

Correction: What's a migraine day? Towards a consensus definition for clinical care and research - a Delphi panel-based study.

The journal of headache and pain·2026

Same author

Efficacy of a multidisciplinary 5-day headache day-clinic program: A prospective quasi-experimental pre-post study in primary headache disorders.

Headache·2026

Same author

What's a migraine day? Towards a consensus definition for clinical care and research - a Delphi panel-based study.

The journal of headache and pain·2026

Same author

Sex-specific management of migraine a systematic review and consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF).

The journal of headache and pain·2026

Same author

The role of self-efficacy and control beliefs in response to a multimodal headache intervention: results from a prospective observational study with a waiting-list comparator.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

Drugs for Migraine Prophylaxis.

Hans Christoph Diener, Julia Grans, Uwe Reuter

Deutsches Arzteblatt International

|January 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New migraine prophylactic drugs, including monoclonal antibodies and gepants, are effective and well-tolerated. They offer a valuable option for patients unresponsive to traditional treatments.

More Related Videos

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Published on: June 13, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Published on: June 13, 2011

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pharmacology

Background:

Frequent or severe migraine attacks necessitate prophylactic treatment strategies.
Traditional oral prophylactic medications have varying efficacy and tolerability profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the International Headache Society guidelines for migraine prophylaxis.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of newer migraine prophylactic agents, including monoclonal antibodies and gepants.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of existing literature and guidelines.
Inclusion of meta-analyses on monoclonal antibodies and gepants.
Summary of evidence for oral prophylactic drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and gepants.

Main Results:

Oral prophylactic drugs showed modest reductions in migraine days compared to placebo.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor demonstrated significant efficacy in both episodic and chronic migraine.
Gepants (CGRP receptor antagonists) and onabotulinum toxin A are effective and well-tolerated, particularly for patients with prior treatment failures or chronic migraine with medication overuse.

Conclusions:

Novel prophylactic medications for migraine are effective and well-tolerated.
These newer agents provide crucial therapeutic options for patients who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, traditional oral treatments or onabotulinum toxin A.