Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
Published on: December 2, 2015
Hybrid Closed-Loop Disconnection Reduces the Risk of Hypoglycemia in Active Children and Adolescents with Type 1
Jędrzej Chrzanowski1, Aleksandra Olejniczak2, Paulina Różycka2
1Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Introduction:
Optimizing hybrid closed-loop (HCL) performance around exercise in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is challenging.
Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study conducted during a 7-day holiday camp, participants using Medtronic MiniMed 780 G and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were randomized to two strategies of HCL use for physical activity (1-2 sessions/day): pump kept connected in auto-mode versus suspended and disconnected. Meal boluses before exercise were not reduced, and all participants used 90-min pre-exercise temporary glucose target 150 mg/dL.
Results:
Of 20, 8 and 7 participants from connected and disconnected arms were eligible for analysis. Median age was 11 (10-11) years, diabetes duration was 1.6 (0.7-6.0) years, HbA1c was 6.4 (6.05-7.3)% (46, 43-56 mmol/mol), and BMI z-score was -0.25 (-0.53-1.36). HCL exercise disconnection resulted in lower time below range <70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L] during camp (-2.91 ± 1.3%point difference, P = 0.0250), with no difference in time in range 70-180 mg/dL [3.9-10.0 mmol/L] (+0.3 ± 4.8%point, P = 0.1677).
Conclusion:
Temporary HCL disconnection for exercise significantly reduces hypoglycemia risk without compromising glucose control.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Open and closed-loop control systems
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
01:15Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:20Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs