Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graphing the Wave Function01:13

Graphing the Wave Function

3.0K
Consider the wave equation for a sinusoidal wave moving in the positive x-direction. The wave equation is a function of both position and time. From the wave equation, two different graphs can be plotted.
3.0K
Functions of Connective Tissues01:17

Functions of Connective Tissues

14.9K
Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
Hard connective tissues, such as bones and cartilage, provide structure and support to the body.
14.9K
Column Efficiency: Plate Theory01:10

Column Efficiency: Plate Theory

2.0K
Band broadening in a chromatography column is measured by its efficiency. This is determined by the number of theoretical plates (N). Theoretical plate theory states that a separation column consists of a continuous series of imaginary plates where solute equilibration occurs between stationary and mobile phases.
A higher number of theoretical plates signifies better column efficiency and improved separation capabilities. Plate height affects bandwidth and separation quality; it is inversely...
2.0K
Column Efficiency: Rate Theory01:12

Column Efficiency: Rate Theory

910
The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk mechanism governing molecular migration within a column. The Gaussian profile of chromatographic bands arises from the cumulative effect of random molecular motions as they progress through the column.
During elution, a solute molecule experiences numerous transitions between stationary and mobile phases, exhibiting irregular residence times in...
910
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

39.5K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
39.5K
Molecular Orbital Theory I02:35

Molecular Orbital Theory I

47.1K
Overview of Molecular Orbital Theory
47.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disrupted functional connectivity during stroke recovery revealed via bedside optical neuroimaging.

Neurophotonics·2026
Same author

Commonality and variability in functional networks in children under 5 years old.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Using HD-DOT in precision accuracy microgenetic research designs to measure change over time in speech, language, and hearing clinical populations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Growth in early infancy drives optimal brain functional connectivity which predicts cognitive flexibility in later childhood.

eLife·2026
Same author

Using Predictive Performance from an Elastic Net Regression to Classify Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).

Annals of otolaryngology and rhinology·2026
Same author

"Whatdunit?" Developmental changes in children's syntactically based sentence interpretation abilities and sensitivity to word order.

Applied psycholinguistics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Resting-State Connectivity and Neuroimaging of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During a Block-Design Yoga Asana Practice Using fNIRS
07:56

Resting-State Connectivity and Neuroimaging of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During a Block-Design Yoga Asana Practice Using fNIRS

Published on: June 24, 2025

826

Functional Connectivity Graph Theory Analysis of Spoken Word Processing Efficiency in Prefrontal Cortical Activation.

Paulina Skolasinska, Adam T Eggebrecht, Julia L Evans

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |January 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and graph theory reveal brain network differences in spoken word processing. High performers show efficient brain networks, while low performers exhibit less efficient networks.

    More Related Videos

    Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke
    05:30

    Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

    Published on: October 10, 2025

    445
    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
    09:27

    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

    Published on: October 13, 2018

    10.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

    Resting-State Connectivity and Neuroimaging of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During a Block-Design Yoga Asana Practice Using fNIRS
    07:56

    Resting-State Connectivity and Neuroimaging of Prefrontal Cortex Activity During a Block-Design Yoga Asana Practice Using fNIRS

    Published on: June 24, 2025

    826
    Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke
    05:30

    Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

    Published on: October 10, 2025

    445
    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
    09:27

    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

    Published on: October 13, 2018

    10.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Science
    • Computational Linguistics

    Background:

    • Spoken word recognition is influenced by word frequency and phonotactic probability.
    • Understanding the neural basis of individual differences in spoken word processing is crucial.
    • Functional connectivity measures offer insights into brain network efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and graph theory can characterize spoken word processing efficiency in neurotypical listeners.
    • To assess individual differences in spoken word processing using functional connectivity measures (global efficiency, local efficiency, modularity, hubness) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
    • To explore the relationship between psycholinguistic models and direct measures of cognitive processing effort.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty neurotypical participants (ages 18-21) completed an auditory working memory task involving words of varying frequency and phonotactic probability.
    • fNIRS recorded hemodynamic changes (HbO, HbR) in the prefrontal cortex.
    • Functional connectivity matrices were created using partial correlation coefficients, and graph theory measures were applied to analyze frontal networks.

    Main Results:

    • Task performance, not word frequency, correlated with brain measures: higher prefrontal functional connectivity (FC) related to worse accuracy, and high modularity correlated with slower response times.
    • High-performing individuals (High-P) exhibited low FC strength and high efficiency, while low-performing individuals (Low-P) showed high modularity and low efficiency.
    • Central brain regions ('hubs') were identified, with High-P individuals showing hubs overlapping with group-level consistent hubs, unlike Low-P individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Network properties identified are related to efficient and inefficient spoken word processing in typical individuals.
    • These findings provide a basis for assessing language function in atypical populations.
    • Brain network characteristics, such as efficiency and modularity, are linked to behavioral performance in spoken word processing.