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Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
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Swearing enhances manual dexterity.

Nicholas B Washmuth1,2, Dominic Bromley3, Kieran Bromley4

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swearing, or taboo language, can enhance manual dexterity. Studies show repeating a swear word improved performance on dexterity tests, suggesting a potential psychological warm-up effect for fine motor skills.

Keywords:
Minnesota Manual Dexterity TestNine-Hole Peg Testmanual dexteritypsychological warm-upswearing

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Taboo language use is associated with psychological flow, self-confidence, and disinhibition.
  • These effects suggest swearing might act as a psychological warm-up, potentially enhancing physical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if repeating a swear word, compared to a neutral word, improves manual dexterity.
  • To explore potential moderating factors, such as daily swearing frequency, on this effect.

Main Methods:

  • Two randomized, repeated-measures experiments were conducted with participants repeating either a swear or neutral word before a dexterity task.
  • Manual dexterity was assessed using the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT).
  • State disinhibition was measured using the Stop-Signal Reaction Test (SSRT).

Main Results:

  • Swearing significantly improved performance on both the MMDT and the 9-HPT.
  • No significant differences in state disinhibition were found between swearing and neutral word conditions.
  • Daily swearing frequency did not moderate the observed improvements in manual dexterity.

Conclusions:

  • Repeating swear words appears to enhance manual dexterity.
  • The psychological mechanisms, such as state disinhibition, mediating this effect require further investigation.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the factors influencing swearing's impact on fine motor skills.