Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

90.4K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
90.4K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

8.5K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
8.5K
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data01:17

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data

634
Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems...
634
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

778
A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
778
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.5K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.5K
Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

4.8K
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating the replicability of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

More social interactions, more polarization? The evidence is not there.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Data Donation as a Method to Measure Physical Activity in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Web Survey Assessing Consent Rates, Donation Success, and Bias.

Journal of medical Internet research·2025
Same author

Best practices for studies using digital data donation.

Quality & quantity·2025
Same author

Social Connectedness in Older Adults: The Potential of Social Internet Use to Maintain a Strong and Stable Personal Network.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2025
Same author

It is time to ensure research access to platform data.

Nature human behaviour·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Emerging Technologies and Advanced Tools for Decoding Metabolomics Data Analysis
07:11

Author Spotlight: Emerging Technologies and Advanced Tools for Decoding Metabolomics Data Analysis

Published on: November 10, 2023

3.3K

Assessing mobile instant messenger networks with donated data.

Rense Corten1, Laura Boeschoten2, Thijs Carrière2

  • 1Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Social Network Analysis and Mining
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the network structures of mobile instant messenger services (MIMSs) like WhatsApp. Contact networks follow a log-normal distribution, while group memberships are exponentially distributed.

Keywords:
Data donationOnline social networksSurvey researchWhatsApp

More Related Videos

Large-Animal Model of Donation after Circulatory Death and Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Cardiac Assessment
07:49

Large-Animal Model of Donation after Circulatory Death and Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Cardiac Assessment

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.0K
Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death
06:26

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Emerging Technologies and Advanced Tools for Decoding Metabolomics Data Analysis
07:11

Author Spotlight: Emerging Technologies and Advanced Tools for Decoding Metabolomics Data Analysis

Published on: November 10, 2023

3.3K
Large-Animal Model of Donation after Circulatory Death and Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Cardiac Assessment
07:49

Large-Animal Model of Donation after Circulatory Death and Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Cardiac Assessment

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.0K
Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death
06:26

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Social Network Analysis
  • Communication Technology
  • Computational Social Science

Background:

  • Research on social media predominantly focuses on traditional platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
  • Mobile instant messenger services (MIMSs) are increasingly popular, yet their network structures remain understudied due to data access challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the topological features of societal-scale instant messenger networks.
  • To provide the first measurement of MIMS usage on a national probability sample, focusing on WhatsApp.
  • To analyze degree distributions as a key network topology feature.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a data donation approach with respondents from a high-quality probability-based panel (LISS panel) in the Netherlands.
  • Collected user data while ensuring privacy preservation.
  • Focused on WhatsApp as the most popular MIMS in the sample.

Main Results:

  • The degree distribution of contacts in WhatsApp networks is best approximated by a log-normal distribution.
  • The distribution of group membership is best approximated by the exponential distribution.
  • Individual-level predictors of degree largely replicate findings from the literature on extended networks.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides crucial insights into the network topology of MIMSs, specifically WhatsApp.
  • The findings highlight distinct distributional patterns for contact networks and group memberships.
  • The research overcomes data access limitations, paving the way for future studies on MIMS networks.