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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites
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Host Genetics and the Skin Microbiome Independently Predict Parasite Resistance.

Rachael D Kramp1, Mary J Janecka1,2, Nadine Tardent3,4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Ecology and Evolution
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Host genetics and the skin microbiome independently influence parasite resistance in guppies. This study reveals distinct bacterial communities impacting infection severity, separate from host genetic selection lines.

Keywords:
Trinidadian guppiesgenetic selectionhost–microbe interactionsinfectious diseasesmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Host responses to parasites involve complex interactions between host genetics and the associated microbiome.
  • The interplay between host immune systems and the microbiome in shaping parasite resistance remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how host genetics and the skin microbiome interact to influence parasite resistance.
  • To determine the relative contributions of host genetics and microbial communities to infection severity in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) challenged with Gyrodactylus turnbulli.

Main Methods:

  • Truncation selection was applied to guppy lines for high and low resistance to G. turnbulli.
  • Skin-associated microbiomes were sampled, and machine learning (Dirichlet Multinomial Modeling) identified bacterial community types.
  • Infection severity was evaluated in relation to selection line and bacterial community type.

Main Results:

  • The resistant guppy line showed significantly lower infection severity in females, while the susceptible line had higher severity in both sexes.
  • Host selection line did not significantly explain variations in skin microbial diversity, structure, or composition.
  • Three distinct bacterial community types were identified, independently explaining as much variation in infection load as the host's genetic selection line.

Conclusions:

  • Both host genetics and the skin microbiome independently predict parasite infection severity.
  • The microbiome plays an active and significant role in host-parasite interactions, comparable to host genetic factors.