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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.7K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

3.9K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

35.5K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Semiconstrained Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty: Functional Outcomes and Complications.

Matthew J Pina1, Harmony Tan Chern Yang1, Gonzalo Pintado1

  • 1Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, Kentucky.

Journal of Wrist Surgery
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthroplasty offers significant pain relief and improved function for patients. While complications can occur, high implant survival and patient satisfaction are notable outcomes.

Keywords:
complicationsdistal radioulnar jointfunctional outcomessemiconstrained DRUJ arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • The semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) prosthesis presents a viable treatment for persistent DRUJ pathology.
  • This implant has demonstrated encouraging results in managing complex wrist conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the functional results, complication rates, and influencing factors of semiconstrained DRUJ arthroplasty.
  • Evaluate short- to midterm outcomes for patients undergoing this procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 47 DRUJ arthroplasty procedures performed between 2010 and 2022.
  • Collected data included range of motion, grip strength, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).
  • Complications were categorized as major (surgical intervention) or minor (conservative management).

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements observed in supination and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores postoperatively.
  • Enhanced wrist function reported, as measured by the modified Mayo Wrist Score (mMWS).
  • 17% overall complication rate, with 100% implant survival; prior surgeries correlated with varied outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Semiconstrained DRUJ arthroplasty effectively reduces pain and improves function in the short to midterm.
  • Patients with prior surgeries may experience higher pain and worse PROMs.
  • High implant survivorship and patient satisfaction were achieved despite common minor complications.