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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
Published on: April 22, 2016
An Ammonium-Amino-Functionalized N-Annulated Perylene Diimide as a High-Performance Interlayer for Organic
Michael J Grant1, Eswaran Jayaraman2,3, Colton Atkinson1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Abstract:
The synthesis and characterization of a new N-annulated perylene diimide conjugated molecule bearing a unique ammonium-amino side chain (PDIN-A) is reported. The material is synthesized reproducibly by sequential SN2 reactions, the simplicity of which enables high yields at scale, and exhibits amphiphilic behavior with high solubility in both polar and nonpolar solvents. Organic photovoltaic devices fabricated using PDIN-A as a cathode interlayer had a maximum power conversion efficiency of 16.17%. Critical is that all tested devices exhibited higher stability when compared to control devices using the now standard PDINN interlayer.
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