Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Kazakhstan: Ten-year single-center experience

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma treated at a major cancer center in Kazakhstan over a 10-year period.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed data from 261 patients with multiple myeloma treated at the National Research Oncology Center, Astana, between 2010 and 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and survival outcomes were assessed using data from electronic medical records.ResultsMost patients were diagnosed with stage II of multiple myeloma, based on the Durie-Salmon staging system, and the majority received bortezomib plus dexamethasone as first-line treatment. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 117 (45%) patients, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 63.6%, compared with 46.2% in patients who received chemotherapy alone.ConclusionsThe mean age of this cohort was 54 years, suggesting an earlier onset of multiple myeloma in the Kazakh population. Treatment regimens, stem cell yield, and post-transplant complications significantly influenced survival outcomes, underscoring the need to optimize transplant strategies and supportive care in Kazakhstan.