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Current perspectives in peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Jack G Goldsmith1, Edie C Goldsmith1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
|January 23, 2026
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare heart condition affecting pregnant women. This review covers its presentation, causes, and potential biomarkers for better diagnosis and understanding.

Keywords:
cardiomyopathyperipartumpostpartum heart failurepregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, life-threatening heart failure condition specific to late pregnancy or early postpartum.
  • It is characterized by reduced left ventricular function in women without prior cardiovascular disease, with an unidentified cause.
  • PPCM is a diagnosis of exclusion, highlighting the need for clearer diagnostic criteria and understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM).
  • To discuss current knowledge on PPCM's clinical presentation, incidence, and etiology.
  • To explore the role of genetics, animal models, and biomarkers in PPCM research.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy.
  • It synthesizes information on clinical findings, epidemiological data, and genetic factors.
  • Candidate biomarkers and animal models relevant to PPCM are also discussed.

Main Results:

  • PPCM presents in the final month of pregnancy or within months postpartum.
  • Etiology remains unidentified, making it a diagnosis of exclusion.
  • Genetic mutations and specific biomarkers are under investigation for diagnostic and therapeutic insights.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into genetic factors and biomarkers is crucial for understanding and diagnosing PPCM.
  • Improved diagnostic approaches are needed given PPCM's "diagnosis of exclusion" status.
  • Understanding PPCM's mechanisms may lead to targeted therapies for affected women.