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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
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A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
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The bones of a...
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Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
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[Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint].

L Eckl1, B Scheiderer1, S Siebenlist1

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Sektion Sportorthopädie, TUM Klinikum, Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.

Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations are common shoulder injuries. Treatment varies by severity, with minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques gaining importance for surgical cases.

Keywords:
Arthroscopic surgeryJoint instabilityRockwood classificationShoulder injuriesTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations are frequent shoulder injuries, especially in young, active individuals.
  • Typically caused by direct trauma or falls onto an outstretched arm.
  • Rockwood classification system categorizes injury severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of ACJ dislocations.
  • To highlight current trends in surgical interventions.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for chronic instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination and radiographic assessment (panorama and axillary views) for diagnosis.
  • Review of treatment protocols based on Rockwood classification.
  • Discussion of conservative versus surgical management options.

Main Results:

  • ACJ dislocation types I-II generally managed conservatively.
  • ACJ dislocation types IV-VI typically require surgical intervention.
  • Management of types III and V remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive and arthroscopic techniques are increasingly utilized for ACJ dislocations.
  • Chronic ACJ instabilities necessitate biological augmentation alongside synthetic stabilization.
  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.