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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
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What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Why Metrological Traceability Matters in Medical Laboratory Diagnostics.

Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman1, Christa Cobbaert2, Mauro Panteghini3

  • 1SKML, Foundation for Quality Assessment in Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metrology ensures laboratory test accuracy for reliable medical decisions. Applying metrological traceability is crucial for precision medicine, data exchange, and artificial intelligence in healthcare.

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Area of Science:

  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Metrology
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Medical laboratory results are vital for diagnosis, monitoring, and risk stratification.
  • Precision medicine increases the demand for high clinical and analytical performance of laboratory tests.
  • Metrology concepts are essential for translating clinical needs into reliable tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of metrological traceability in laboratory medicine.
  • To explain how metrology ensures accurate medical decision-making.
  • To demonstrate the role of metrology in data exchange and AI applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of metrology concepts in laboratory medicine.
  • Discussion of metrological traceability from test development to clinical interpretation.
  • Exploration of metrology's application across various laboratory disciplines.

Main Results:

  • Metrological traceability is fundamental for accurate medical decision-making.
  • Equivalence of test results is achieved through correct metrology implementation for data exchange.
  • Metrology is critical for the reliable use of test results in algorithms and AI.

Conclusions:

  • Metrology is an underappreciated science critical to modern laboratory medicine.
  • Implementing metrology ensures the quality and comparability of laboratory test results.
  • Metrology ultimately benefits patient care and caregiver support through reliable data.