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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Impact of Inflow Ratio on a Double-Inflow Cavopulmonary Assist Device.

Simon Klocker1, Leon Ballabani1, Pascal Schmidt1

  • 1From the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel cavopulmonary assist device (CPAD) shows reliable hydraulic performance and hemocompatibility across various inflow ratios. This device enables accurate flow monitoring, supporting Fontan circulation patients.

Keywords:
cavopulmonary assist devicefailing Fontanflow estimatorinflow ratiorotodynamic blood pump

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Fontan circulation is a palliative treatment for univentricular heart disease, but it is susceptible to hemodynamic failure.
  • A novel cavopulmonary assist device (CPAD) with dual inlets was developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying inflow ratios (IRs) on the hydraulic performance, hemocompatibility, and flow estimation accuracy of a dual-inlet CPAD.
  • To assess the reliability of the CPAD across a spectrum of physiological conditions relevant to Fontan patients.

Main Methods:

  • Hydraulic performance (H-Q characteristics) was assessed experimentally and numerically across different IRs.
  • Hemolysis was evaluated experimentally and hemocompatibility metrics were determined numerically.
  • Flow estimation accuracy using motor current, pump speed, and viscosity was examined under varying IRs.

Main Results:

  • The CPAD demonstrated minimal variation in hydraulic performance (ΔH < 2.2 mm Hg) and hemolysis (NIH: 22.4%, DI: 4.9%) across all tested IRs.
  • The flow estimation model proved highly accurate, irrespective of IR, with RMSE < 0.148 L/min and R² > 0.99.
  • The double-inlet CPAD exhibited reliable performance across the investigated IRs.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-inlet CPAD functions reliably across a wide range of inflow ratios, indicating its suitability for diverse patient populations.
  • The device's consistent performance and accurate flow monitoring capabilities support its potential application in improving Fontan circulation management.