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Geospatial Analysis of Snakebite Incidence Rate in Karnataka: A District-Level Analysis Across Agroclimatic Zones
Janekunte Dodda Basava1,2, Chandan Nagendraswamy1, Kalesh M Karun1
1ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India.
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
|January 23, 2026
Summary
Snakebite envenoming in Karnataka shows slight incidence decrease but high risk in specific zones. Geospatial analysis identifies key areas for targeted public health interventions and snakebite prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Geospatial Analysis
Background:
- Snakebite envenoming is a major public health concern in India, with Karnataka experiencing varied incidence rates due to its agroclimatic zones.
- Limited geospatial data currently hinders targeted prevention and intervention strategies for snakebites in the region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the incidence and spatial distribution of snakebites in Karnataka using Health Management Information System (HMIS) data.
- To identify high-risk areas for snakebites to inform public health measures and interventions.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of HMIS data from 2018-19 and 2019-20 for all Karnataka districts.
- Geospatial analysis to map snakebite cases across agroclimatic zones and examine seasonal trends.
- Outcome measures included snakebite incidence rates and geographic case distribution.
Main Results:
- Overall snakebite incidence in Karnataka slightly decreased from 24.57 to 24.49 per 100,000 between 2018-19 and 2019-20.
- The southern dry zone and southern transition zone reported the highest incidence, with a peak during the monsoon season.
- Geospatial analysis pinpointed high-risk districts, especially in agricultural and forested areas.
Conclusions:
- Geospatial analysis is crucial for identifying snakebite hotspots and informing public health planning.
- Targeted interventions, including awareness campaigns and improved healthcare access, are recommended to reduce snakebite mortality.
- GIS-based insights can enhance the effectiveness of healthcare planning and preventive strategies against snakebites.
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