Creative arts therapies for stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. Survivors can experience a range of physical and emotional challenges, often leading to depression, anxiety, and a poorer quality of life. Creative arts therapies (CATs), an umbrella term encompassing music, art, dance/movement, drama, and creative writing therapies, have increasingly been explored in stroke survivor populations as interventions to improve psychological outcomes. Qualitative analysis suggests these therapies can be helpful, but the exact efficacy of CATs in stroke rehabilitation, as well as the optimal intervention types and treatment protocols, has yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis plans to evaluate the effect of CATs on depression, anxiety, and quality of life among adults recovering from stroke.

This protocol has been prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251237926). Eligible studies will include primary quantitative research involving creative arts interventions. Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo from inception to December 2025. Two reviewers will independently screen records, extract data, and assess study quality and the certainty of the evidence using the RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and GRADE tools. Restricted maximum likelihood random-effects meta-analyses of Cohen's d effect sizes and risk ratios will be performed to calculate pooled effect sizes for each outcome. Subgroup analyses will explore moderators such as the effect of study design, intervention type, session frequency, and patient setting.

Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations, and clinical networks to inform evidence-based guidelines on the use of CATs in multidisciplinary stroke care.