Fluid shear stress-dependent modulation of the basal endothelial glycocalyx

The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a major regulator of endothelium function, serving as a vital mechanotransducer and barrier. Shear stress due to blood flow exerted on the apical endothelial cell (EC) and glycocalyx have been the primary focus of the field due to their direct interaction. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the basal glycocalyx, exposed to the basement membrane, is sensitive to apical fluid shear stress and necessary for promoting mechanotransduction pathways key in the EC response to blood flow. Here, we demonstrate the fluid shear stress-dependent modulation of the basal endothelial glycocalyx, showing a notably different expression pattern and overall increased expression compared to the apical glycocalyx. Our findings, coupled with prior evidence linking the basal GCX to cytoskeletal dynamics, underscore its potential role in vascular barrier integrity and mechanotransduction.