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Social movements are transformative agents for biodiversity conservation.

Mariana Walter¹, Arnim Scheidel², Clara Vadez³

¹Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona 08005, Spain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|January 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Civil society mobilizations significantly impact biodiversity conservation, with many occurring in critical habitats and aiding global conservation targets. However, these movements often face repression, especially in high-priority areas.

Keywords:

biodiversity conservation environmental justice social movements transformative change

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Area of Science:

Environmental Justice
Conservation Science
Sociology of Social Movements

Background:

Civil society drives social change but its role in biodiversity conservation is understudied.
Socio-environmental movements are crucial for addressing environmental degradation and promoting sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the role and outcomes of socio-environmental mobilizations in biodiversity conservation.
To assess the contribution of these movements to global biodiversity targets and identify challenges they face.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 2,801 socio-environmental mobilizations from the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas).
Examination of spatial, temporal, and sectoral patterns of mobilizations and their outcomes.
Assessment of alignment with Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) targets.

Main Results:

Approximately 40% of mobilizations occur in top global priority lands for species conservation.
Mobilizations contribute to KMGBF targets including ecosystem protection, restoration, and sustainable use.
One-third of movements face repression, criminalization, or violence, particularly in high-priority conservation areas.

Conclusions:

Socio-environmental movements are vital catalysts for biodiversity conservation, especially in critical regions.
Recognizing, strengthening, and protecting these movements is essential for achieving global biodiversity goals.
Coordinated action and resource allocation can enhance the transformative potential of these movements for lasting conservation outcomes.