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Related Concept Videos

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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Robust and Highly Reproducible Generation of Cortical Brain Organoids for Modelling Brain Neuronal Senescence In Vitro
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Establishing the relationship between brain cellular senescence and brain structure.

Anina N Lund1, Brian H Kopell2, Negar Golestani1

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Cell
|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cellular senescence, a process linked to aging, correlates with brain atrophy. This study reveals shared molecular mechanisms in brain development and aging, particularly in neurons and microglia, impacting brain structure.

Keywords:
agingbrainbulk RNA-seqdevelopmentmass spectrometrymulti-omicssenescencesingle-nuclei RNA-seqstructural magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular senescence and brain atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging.
  • These age-related changes suggest shared underlying biological mechanisms.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for addressing age-related cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms linking cellular senescence and brain atrophy.
  • To identify cell-type-specific gene expression signatures associated with neuroimaging features and senescence.
  • To explore the role of these mechanisms in both brain aging and development.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of structural neuroimaging data with prefrontal cortex gene and protein expression data.
  • Identification and replication of cell-type-specific gene expression signatures.
  • Analysis of correlations between senescence signatures and neuroimaging features across different age groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between gene expression signatures of senescence and neuroimaging features in excitatory neurons and microglia.
  • These associations were particularly strong for volume-related brain features.
  • Similar associations were observed in excitatory neurons from individuals under 5 years old, suggesting a role in brain development.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed molecular link between brain structure and cellular senescence across the lifespan.
  • Mechanisms involved in brain development may also contribute to age-related brain volume reduction.
  • These findings offer insights into potential therapeutic targets for age-related brain changes.