Integrative Nutrigenomics Approach in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Targeting Gene-Diet Interactions for Personalized...

Women of reproductive age who suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common and complex endocrine-metabolic illness, are characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance, and persistent inflammation. Its multifaceted etiology includes psychological, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic variables. The potential of nutrigenomics in individualized treatment techniques is highlighted by new research that implicates gene-diet interactions in modifying PCOS susceptibility, phenotypic expression, and therapeutic results. Numerous gene polymorphisms, including those involving the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and transcription factor 7-like 2, have been linked to insulin signaling, metabolic disorders, obesity risk, and hormonal imbalances in PCOS. At the same time, dietary bioactives such as flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and folate have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and epigenetic-modulating properties, suggesting that they may be utilized to target gene-nutrient interactions and mitigate illness. In order to maximize individualized nutritional therapy for PCOS, this review seeks to investigate integrative nutrigenomics approaches that incorporate dietary interventions with genetic profiling. The review offers a thorough synthesis of recent research by investigating the molecular mechanisms by which gene variations interact with functional nutrition. It determines possible nutraceutical targets for customized treatment. Additionally, the translational significance of these integrative methods is examined in enhancing precision nutrition in PCOS therapy, lowering metabolic risks, and improving clinical outcomes. However, this review underlines the need for an interdisciplinary approach that combines genetics, nutritional science, and clinical practice to promote evidence-based, patient-centric medications for PCOS.