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Quantum Numbers02:43

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Pathfinding quantum simulations of neutrinoless double-β decay.

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Quantum simulations successfully observed lepton-number violation, a signal of neutrinoless double-beta decay. This breakthrough utilized co-designed simulations on trapped-ion quantum computers for high-precision nuclear process analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Computing
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a hypothetical process that could reveal new physics.
  • Simulating complex nuclear processes requires significant computational power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform co-designed quantum simulations of neutrinoless double-beta decay.
  • To demonstrate lepton-number violation using quantum computers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized IonQ's Forte-generation trapped-ion quantum computers for 1+1D quantum chromodynamics simulations.
  • Mapped electrons, neutrinos, and quarks to 32 qubits, employing 4 additional qubits for error mitigation.
  • Implemented weak interactions via a four-fermion interaction and induced lepton-number violation with a neutrino Majorana mass.

Main Results:

  • Observed lepton-number violation in real time, indicating neutrinoless double-beta decay.
  • Achieved high precision in extracted observables through advanced quantum circuit compilation and error mitigation.
  • Co-designed the simulation to leverage the quantum computer's all-to-all connectivity and native gate-set.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum simulations can effectively probe fundamental nuclear processes like neutrinoless double-beta decay.
  • The co-design approach maximizes the utility of current quantum hardware for complex physics problems.
  • Future quantum simulations hold potential for yocto-second resolution of nuclear reaction pathways.