Migration of bisphenol A from commercially available pacifiers: HPLC-FLD analysis and exposure assessment in infants and toddlers
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Bisphenol A (BPA) can migrate from pacifiers, even those labeled "BPA-free." Even the lowest migration levels exceed new safety limits, posing a risk to infants and toddlers.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Pediatric Health
Background
- Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical found in plastics, linked to various health issues.
- Infants and toddlers are highly susceptible to BPA due to immature detoxification systems and critical developmental stages.
- While BPA is restricted in infant bottles in the EU, its presence in pacifiers remains unregulated, despite misleading 'BPA-free' labels.
Purpose Of The Study
- To quantify BPA migration from commercially available pacifiers.
- To assess infant exposure to BPA from pacifiers relative to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable daily intake (TDI).
Main Methods
- Pacifiers were dissected into components (shield, teat) and cut into fragments.
- BPA migration was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD).
- Extrapolated total BPA release per pacifier was calculated and compared to EFSA TDI.
Main Results
- BPA concentrations in eluates ranged up to 288 µg/L.
- Total BPA release per pacifier varied from 33 to 26,536 ng.
- The highest BPA migration was detected in a product labeled 'BPA-free'.
- Even the lowest BPA migration exceeded the 2023 EFSA TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day).
Conclusions
- Pacifiers can be a significant source of early-life BPA exposure.
- Voluntary 'BPA-free' claims on pacifiers are unreliable.
- Harmonized EU regulation for BPA in pacifiers is needed, similar to restrictions on feeding bottles and toys.
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