Pediatric lymphoproliferative disorders - Emerging insights and management: A narrative review

Pediatric lymphoproliferative disorders (PLPDs) encompass a spectrum of conditions marked by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes, often linked to genetic mutations, immune dysregulation, and infectious agents like Epstein-Barr virus. These disorders present with varied clinical phenotypes, ranging from benign lymphadenopathy to severe, life-threatening malignancies. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics and imaging have significantly enhanced the early identification and classification of PLPDs, paving the way for timely and effective interventions. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PLPDs has also been instrumental in guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The management of PLPDs has evolved with the advent of targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, which have demonstrated promising efficacy in mitigating disease progression. For severe or refractory cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a curative option, especially for disorders associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to advanced diagnostics and therapies, particularly in resource-limited settings. Furthermore, optimizing treatment regimens to minimize long-term complications and improve quality of life remains a critical area of focus.