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Association Between Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence and Postoperative Complications After Ankle and Hindfoot

Anish K Ponna1, Kush S Mody2, Abhinav Bhamidipati1

  • 1Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Foot & Ankle International
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
ankle arthrodesisbone healinghindfoot arthrodesisnon-tobacco nicotine dependencepseudoarthrosissurgical complicationsvaping

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