Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Vertebral Lymphatic Vasculature and Drainage using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: May 22, 2020
Therapeutic Hypothermia Alleviates Hydrocephalus and Neurological Dysfunction Post Intraventricular Hemorrhage by
Yijian Yang1,2,3,4, Qian Ouyang5, Yaxin Sun1,2,3,4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Aims:
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has a high mortality and disability rate and poses significant clinical challenges, which often leads to hydrocephalus and neurological dysfunction. Emerging evidence implicates dysfunction of the glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic-deep cervical lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of post-IVH hydrocephalus. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) holds promise for mitigating these sequelae. This study investigates the potential of TH to ameliorate IVH-induced hydrocephalus and neurological dysfunction, while elucidating its underlying mechanisms.
Methods:
Rat models of IVH are established by intraventricular injection of autologous blood. TH, deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) ligation, and intraperitoneal injection of AMPK inhibitor are used to intervene.
Results:
In rat models of IVH, TH alleviates neurological dysfunction and attenuates hydrocephalus and pathology damage. TH protects physiological function and maintains normal structure of the glymphatic system. TH improves function and structure of the meningeal lymphatic system and promotes drainage of the deep cervical lymphatic system. TH upregulates RTN3, facilitates phosphorylation of AMPK, and suppresses ERS. All the above effects are reversed by ligation of dCLNs and AMPK inhibitor.
Conclusion:
TH alleviates hydrocephalus and neurological dysfunction post IVH by enhancing drainage of the glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic-deep cervical lymphatic system. The RTN3/AMPK/ERS pathway may be the proposed mechanism mediating this effect. TH is expected to become a novel therapeutic strategy for IVH.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Development of the Lymphatic System
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
01:22Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are...
01:28Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
01:16Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
01:19Cranial and Spinal Meninges
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
01:20Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...