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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Function in Mood
Kate Eggleston1,2, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak3,4, Richard Porter1,2
1Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Bipolar Disorders
|January 24, 2026
Summary
Subjective and objective cognitive function in mood disorders show weak correlations, suggesting neither alone fully captures patient status. Both subjective and objective assessments are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of cognitive function in mood disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- The relationship between how patients feel their cognition is functioning (subjective) and how they perform on cognitive tests (objective) in mood disorders is debated.
- This debate is critical for selecting appropriate outcome measures for treatments aimed at improving cognition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between subjective and objective cognitive function in individuals with mood disorders.
- To identify factors that may predict or moderate this association.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) was conducted up to July 2024.
- Studies employing correlational analyses between subjective and objective cognitive measures in mood disorders were included in a meta-analysis.
- A narrative review was performed on studies not using correlational analyses.
Main Results:
- Fifty-five studies involving 5798 participants were identified, with 35 included in the meta-analysis.
- Weak but significant positive correlations were found between subjective and objective cognition across most domains, except sustained attention (trend level).
- Mood state or diagnosis did not influence these correlations, and no specific subjective measure showed a stronger association than others.
Conclusions:
- This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic in mood disorders.
- The findings support a weak association, potentially due to the limited real-world applicability of objective cognitive tests.
- Comprehensive assessment requires evaluating both subjective and objective cognitive function to accurately understand a patient's cognitive status.
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