Facilitators and barriers affecting evidence-based practice among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review

To synthesize and analyze the literature on evidence-based practice among nurses, with a specific focus on assessing the factors influencing the application of EBP among nurses.

Evidence-based practice has gained prominence as a cornerstone in nursing, emphasizing the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the most current research evidence to inform decision-making. As crucial healthcare team members, nurses play a pivotal role in implementing EBP to ensure that the latest research findings and best available evidence inform their practice.

This was a systematic review study.

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were included if they focused on clinical nurses practicing in Saudi Arabia and examined factors influencing EBP. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess methodological quality. Data were extracted, summarized in a standardized table, and analyzed thematically. We conducted the review on 11 eligible studies that met all inclusion criteria.

The findings of this systematic review provide valuable insights into the facilitators and barriers to utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses in Saudi Arabia. The review encompassed a total of 2725 participants across eleven studies, including two quantitative correlational design studies, two pre-experimental pilot studies, and seven cross-sectional design studies. Facilitators included organizational factors, including allocation of resources, increased support, and adequate time provision. On the personal factor, nurses' skills are enhanced through continuous training and promoting research utilization. Conversely, barriers included organizational barriers like time constraints, limited authority, resistance from administration, and inadequate facilities. Personal factors include a lack of education on EBP and difficulty understanding research reports. Communication barriers involve a scarcity of readily available research and insufficient physician cooperation. The innovation domain introduces uncertainties about the believability and justification of research conclusions. Additionally, lack of EBP mentors and role models.

Addressing these barriers and facilitators is crucial for fostering a supportive environment, empowering nurses, and advancing evidence-based practices. This review provides a foundational understanding, prompting targeted initiatives and ongoing research to fortify the integration of evidence-based approaches in nursing care within Saudi Arabia.