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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Passive Filters

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Tetrahedral Complexes
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
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Multi-interactions Regulate Perovskite Crystallization and Defect Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite

Xiaolong Ren1, Guichun Yang1, Tiantian Lou1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.

Nano Letters
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel additive, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (SHMS), enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance by controlling precursor chemistry and film formation. This leads to highly efficient and stable PSCs with improved power conversion efficiency.

Keywords:
crystallization kineticspassivationperovskite precursor chemistryperovskite solar cellssodium hydroxymethanesulfonatesolar-charged supercapacitor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • High-quality perovskite films are crucial for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
  • Simultaneously controlling precursor chemistry, crystallization, and defect passivation in perovskite films is challenging.
  • Existing strategies often struggle to address these coupled factors effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a multifunctional additive, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (SHMS), for simultaneous regulation of perovskite precursor and film properties.
  • To investigate the mechanism of SHMS in suppressing side reactions and inhibiting triiodide formation in the precursor.
  • To evaluate the impact of SHMS on crystallization kinetics, defect passivation, and overall performance of perovskite solar cells.

Main Methods:

  • SHMS was incorporated as an additive into the perovskite precursor solution.
  • The additive's effect on precursor chemistry, including cation side reactions and triiodide formation, was analyzed.
  • The crystallization kinetics and defect passivation in the resulting perovskite films were studied.
  • Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and solar-charged supercapacitors were fabricated and characterized.

Main Results:

  • SHMS effectively suppressed cation side reactions and triiodide formation in the precursor.
  • The additive modulated crystallization kinetics via coordination with PbI2 and passivated defects in the film.
  • Inverted PSCs with SHMS achieved a power conversion efficiency of 26.10% (certified 25.66%) and a high fill factor of 87%.
  • The devices exhibited excellent thermal, moisture, and light stability.
  • Integrated solar-charged supercapacitors showed an overall energy conversion efficiency of 11.84% with superior cycling stability.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (SHMS) acts as a multifunctional additive, enabling effective precursor-to-film regulation in perovskite solar cells.
  • SHMS significantly enhances PSC efficiency, stability, and fill factor by improving film quality and passivating defects.
  • The developed strategy offers a promising pathway for advancing high-performance and durable perovskite solar cell technology and energy storage applications.