Lung Cancer in the Incarcerated Population: A Narrative Review

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality among incarcerated individuals in the United States, with lung cancer being the most prevalent. This review aims to evaluate current data on lung cancer within carceral settings and to describe disparities between incarcerated and non-incarcerated populations. We conducted a narrative review of published papers and studies addressing lung cancer screening, prevalence, mortality, and treatment in correctional facilities.

While the literature is limited, existing studies indicate that lung cancer has a higher prevalence, is diagnosed at more advanced stages, and carries a higher mortality among incarcerated individuals compared to non-incarcerated individuals. Although lung cancer screening is recommended based on eligibility criteria for the general population, there is a paucity of data on how screening is implemented in carceral settings, and the existing studies suggest that even eligible individuals with significant smoking history often do not undergo lung cancer screening. Furthermore, the literature provides minimal insight into lung cancer treatment for incarcerated patients. This review underscores the urgent need for expansion of lung cancer screening efforts and further studies on lung cancer diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes among incarcerated populations.