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Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen
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Dual-task effects on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters and their variability during running
Hsiang-Ling Teng1, Jo Armour Smith2, Will F W Wu3
1Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States.
Gait & Posture
|January 24, 2026
Summary
Dual tasking (DT) while running reduces movement variability, potentially increasing injury risk. This study found reduced stride-to-stride variability in joint kinematics and kinetics during cognitive tasks, regardless of running speed.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Motor Control
- Sports Science
Background:
- Running often involves dual tasking (DT), demanding simultaneous cognitive and motor resources.
- Previous research indicates DT affects walking variability; its impact on running biomechanics is less understood.
- Movement variability is crucial for adaptability and injury prevention in runners.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of DT on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters during running.
- To determine if running speed influences the impact of DT on running biomechanics.
- To assess the effect of DT on the variability of running gait parameters.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 31 asymptomatic runners.
- Three-dimensional biomechanics were captured during treadmill running at self-selected, slow, and fast speeds.
- Participants performed cognitive tasks (easy and hard) alongside running, with kinematic and kinetic data analyzed for mean and variability.
Main Results:
- Significant DT effects were observed on peak knee adduction and pelvis ipsilateral drop angles.
- Stride-to-stride variability decreased significantly for multiple joint angles (hip, knee, ankle) and joint moments (knee abductor, ankle plantar flexor) during DT, especially with a hard cognitive task.
- Running speed did not significantly alter the effects of DT on running biomechanics.
Conclusions:
- Dual tasking running leads to reduced stride-to-stride variability in joint kinematics and kinetics.
- This diminished adaptability under DT conditions may heighten susceptibility to running-related injuries.
- Integrating DT into running assessments and training programs is recommended for comprehensive injury prevention strategies.
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